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| subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Philadelphia | subdivision_type3 = City | subdivision_name3 = Philadelphia | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = US | area_footnotes = | area_total_sq_mi = 9.7 | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_ft = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 168,782 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_sq_mi= 16771 | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = 19145, 19146, 19147, 19148 | area_code_type = | area_code = 267, 215 | iso_code = | website = | footnotes = }} South Philadelphia, nicknamed South Philly, is the section of Philadelphia bounded by South Street to the north, the Delaware River to the east and south, and the Schuylkill River to the west.〔"(The Political and Community Service Boundaries of Philadelphia )." ''City of Philadelphia''. Retrieved November 8, 2008.〕 A diverse community, South Philadelphia is known for its large Italian American population, as well as its Irish American population. ==History== South Philadelphia began as a satellite town of Philadelphia, with small townships such as Moyamensing and Southwark.〔''Where Pennsylvania History Began''(by Henry D. Paxon, The Swedish Colonial Society, 1926)〕 During the Industrial Revolution, the area saw rapid growth, in part due to mass immigration from Ireland. Its urbanized border reached that of Philadelphia. Along with all other jurisdictions in Philadelphia County, South Philadelphia became part of the City of Philadelphia proper with passage by the Pennsylvania legislature of the city/county Act of Consolidation, 1854. The area continued to grow, becoming a vital part of Philadelphia's large industrial base and attracting immigrants from Italy, Ireland, Poland, and many Southern European and Eastern European countries during the 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as Black American migrants from the southern United States during the Great Migration of the early 20th century. The immigrants and migrants became the basis of South Philadelphia's unique and vibrant culture that developed over the next several decades. Struggling to maintain their Catholic identity in a mostly Protestant city, the Irish built a system of Irish Catholic churches and parochial schools for their children, including Catholic high schools. The later immigrant populations of Italians and Poles were also Catholic. At first they attended existing Catholic churches but built their own ethno-national churches when possible. Ethnic Irish controlled the Catholic clergy and hierarchy for decades in Philadelphia and throughout the region, often excluding the more recent Italian population from participating in the church hierarchy. In addition to the influx of Catholic immigrants, many Polish Jews and other Jews from Eastern Europe settled in South Philadelphia during the first half of the 20th Century, especially in the diverse area now known as Queen Village where Jewish immigrants lived among Catholic Polish immigrants, Irish-Americans, and Italian immigrants . Despite the dramatic growth in population, the low funding of education by the city resulted in the first public high school not being formed in South Philadelphia until 1934. Attracted to the industrial jobs, the new residents created communities that continued many of their traditions. While many of the new arrivals were Catholic, neighborhood parishes reflected their national traditions. Monsignor James F. Connelly, the pastor of the Stella Maris Catholic Church and an editor of the 1976 work ''The History of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia'', said in a 2005 ''Philadelphia Inquirer'' article that each parish church "offer() the immigrants the faith they were familiar with."〔Woodall, Martha. "(Unsteady times for neighborhood Catholic schools; Population changes have meant fewer elementaries and an unexpected merger )." ''Philadelphia Inquirer''. March 16, 2005.〕 With the dramatic loss of industrial jobs during mid-20th century restructuring, there were population losses in South Philadelphia as well as other working-class parts of the city, and some neighborhood Catholic schools had to close. Many of South Philadelphia's communities are largely Italian American. Many communities contain both older and more recent Italian immigrants and Italian speakers, and Italian saint festivals and cultural celebrations, including the South 9th Street Italian Market festival, are popular in the South Philadelphia Italian-American communities. There also continue to be many ethnic Irish Americans and African Americans in South Philadelphia. Both Irish American and African American communities can be found in the neighborhood Grays Ferry, while the nearby neighborhood of Point Breeze is largely African American. The neighborhood of Pennsport remains primarily a working class Irish-American neighborhood. An increase in late 20th-century immigration has given South Philadelphia significant populations from Asia, especially populations from Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand. In addition, there has been an increase in recent years of immigrants from Russia, Mexico, and Central American nations. Today, many vendors that work alongside Italian-Americans at the Italian Market are of Asian descent and Mexican descent, and Vietnamese, Thai, Mexican, and Central American restaurants are interspersed with historic Italian restaurants in the Market area. The recent revitalization of Center City Philadelphia and the subsequent gentrification of adjacent neighborhoods has led to dramatic rises in prices of housing in the neighborhoods of historic Queen Village, Bella Vista, and some other northern parts of South Philadelphia. Many of the community clubs that create the annual Mummers Parade every New Year's Day have traditionally been from South Philadelphia, especially those located on the largely Irish American S. 2nd Street ("Two Street") in the PennsportPennsport neighborhood. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「South Philadelphia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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